down

英 [daʊn]

美 [daʊn]

adv.  向下; 朝下; 在下面; (坐、倒、躺)下; 在较低水平; 下降; 下跌
prep.  (从高处)向下，往下; 沿着; 顺着; 朝着; 贯穿…时间; 遍及…时期
v.  (一下子)喝下，吃下，咽下; 使倒下; 击倒
adj.  悲哀; 沮丧; 情绪低落; 停机; 停止运行
n.  (鸟的)绒羽; 绒毛; 软毛; 汗毛; 进攻分段，10码进攻(球队可向前推进10码持球进攻的四次机会。球队在连续四次进攻中失球或未能推进10码即不能继续)

复数：downs　现在分词：downing　过去式：downed　第三人称单数：downs　过去分词：downed　

中考高考TOEFLGRECET4考研TEM8计算机

Oxford 3000 / Collins.2 / BNC.102 / COCA.118

习惯用语

adv.

be down to sb
• 是某人的责任；由某人负责
  to be the responsibility of sb
• It's down to you to check the door.
  检查门是否关好是你的事。
be down to sb/sth
• 由…引起（或造成）
  to be caused by a particular person or thing
• She claimed her problems were down to the media.
  她声称她的问题是媒体造成的。
be down to sth
• 只剩下（一点儿钱）
  to have only a little money left
• I'm down to my last dollar.
  我只剩下最后一块钱了。
be/go down with sth
• 患…病；得…病
  to have or catch an illness
down through sth
• 在（相当长的一段）时间内
  during a long period of time
• Down through the years this town has seen many changes.
  这些年来这座城市发生了许多变化。
down under
• 到，向，在（澳大利亚和 / 或新西兰）
  to or in Australia and/or New Zealand
down with sb/sth
• 打倒
  used to say that you are opposed to sth, or to a person
• The crowds chanted ‘Down with NATO!’
  人群有节奏地反复高喊“打倒北约！”
you can't keep a good man down
• 有志者事竟成；决心大的人终有出头之日
  a person who is determined or wants sth very much will succeed

v.

down tools
• 撂下工作；罢工
  to stop work; to go on strike

adj.

hit sb when they're down
• 落井下石；乘人之危
  to continue to hurt sb when they are already defeated
kick sb when they're down
• 落井下石
  to continue to hurt sb when they are already defeated, etc.
be down on your luck
• 因一时不走运而没有钱；穷困潦倒
  to have no money because of a period of bad luck
down in the mouth
• 闷闷不乐；沮丧
  unhappy and depressed

n.

have a down on sb/sth
• 对…评价不好；瞧不起；厌恶
  to have a bad opinion of a person or thing
ups and downs
• 浮沉；兴衰；荣辱
  the mixture of good and bad things in life or in a particular situation or relationship

牛津词典

adv.

• 向下；朝下；在下面
  to or at a lower place or position
  1. She jumped down off the chair.
     她跳下椅子。
  2. He looked down at her.
     他低头看着她。
  3. We watched as the sun went down.
     我们看着夕阳西沉。
  4. She bent down to pick up her glove.
     她俯身去捡手套。
  5. Mary's not down yet (= she is still upstairs) .
     玛丽还没下楼呢。
  6. The baby can't keep any food down (= in her body) .
     这婴儿吃什么吐什么。
• （坐、倒、躺）下
  from a standing or vertical position to a sitting or horizontal one
  1. Please sit down.
     请坐。
  2. He had to go and lie down for a while.
     他不得不去躺一会儿。
• 在较低水平；下降；下跌
  at a lower level or rate
  1. Prices have gone down recently.
     最近物价下降了。
  2. We're already two goals down (= the other team has two goals more) .
     我们已落后对方两球。
• （数量、力量、活动等）减少，减弱，降低
  used to show that the amount or strength of sth is lower, or that there is less activity
  1. Turn the music down!
     把音乐声关小点！
  2. The class settled down and she began the lesson.
     全班安静下来她便开始上课了。
• 由上至下
  reading from top to bottom, not from side to side
  1. I can't do 3 down.
     我填不出第3个竖行。
• 向南方；在南方
  to or in the south of a country
  1. They flew down to Texas.
     他们乘飞机南下去得克萨斯了。
  2. Houses are more expensive down south.
     南边的房屋价格要贵些。
• （写）在纸上；（列）在表格上
  on paper; on a list
  1. Did you get that down?
     你写下来了吗？
  2. I always write everything down.
     我不管什么事情都记下来。
  3. Have you got me down for the trip?
     你把我列入这次旅行的名单了吗？
• （表示范围或顺序的限度）下至，直至
  used to show the limits in a range or an order
  1. Everyone will be there, from the Principal down.
     从校长下至每个人都将到场。
• 失去（钱数）
  having lost the amount of money mentioned
  1. At the end of the day we were £20 down.
     一天下来我们少了20英镑。
• （钱）先付，预付
  if you pay an amount of money down , you pay that to start with, and the rest later
• 已完成数量（或进度）
  used to say how far you have got in a list of things you have to do
  1. Well, I've seen six apartments so far. That's six down and four to go!
     好啦，到目前为止我已看了六套公寓房。看完六套还有四套要去看呢！
• 到，去，在（当地的商店、酒馆等地方）
  to or at a local place such as a shop/store, pub, etc.
  1. I'm just going down to the post office.
     我正要到那边的邮局去。
  2. I saw him down at the shops.
     我刚才看到他在那边的商店里。

prep.

• （从高处）向下，往下
  from a high or higher point on sth to a lower one
  1. The stone rolled down the hill.
     石头滚下山坡。
  2. Tears ran down her face.
     泪水顺着她的脸庞流下来。
  3. Her hair hung down her back to her waist.
     她的长发披在背上直垂腰际。
• 沿着；顺着；朝着
  along; towards the direction in which you are facing
  1. He lives just down the street.
     他就住在街那头。
  2. Go down the road till you reach the traffic lights.
     沿着这条路一直走到红绿灯处。
  3. There's a bridge a mile down the river from here.
     从这里沿河而下一英里处有座桥。
• 贯穿…时间；遍及…时期
  all through a period of time
  1. an exhibition of costumes down the ages (= from all periods of history)
     历代服装展览

verb

• （一下子）喝下，吃下，咽下
  to finish a drink or eat sth quickly
  1. We downed our coffees and left.
     我们一口气喝完咖啡就离开了。
• 使倒下；击倒
  to force sb/sth down to the ground
  1. to down a plane
     击落一架飞机

adj.

• 悲哀；沮丧；情绪低落
  sad or depressed
  1. I feel a bit down today.
     我今天有点闷闷不乐。
• 停机；停止运行
  not working
  1. The system was down all morning.
     系统整个上午都无法运行。

noun

• （鸟的）绒羽，绒毛
  the very fine soft feathers of a bird
  1. duck down
     鸭绒
• 绒毛；软毛；汗毛
  fine soft hair
• 进攻分段，10码进攻（球队可向前推进10码持球进攻的四次机会。球队在连续四次进攻中失球或未能推进10码即不能继续）
  one of a series of four chances to carry the ball forward ten yards that a team is allowed. These series continue until the team loses the ball or fails to go forward ten yards in four downs .

柯林斯词典

PREPOSITION AND ADVERB USES 介词和副词用法

Downis often used with verbs of movement, such as ‘fall’ and ‘pull’, and also in phrasal verbs such as ‘bring down’ and ‘calm down’.
down 常与 fall，pull 等表示动作的动词连用，也用于 bring down, calm down 等短语动词中。

• PREP 往…的下端;向…的底部
  To godownsomething such as a slope or a pipe means to go towards the ground or to a lower level.
  1. We're going down a mountain...
     我们正在下山。
  2. A man came down the stairs to meet them...
     一名男子下楼来迎接他们。
  3. The tears began flooding down her cheeks.
     眼泪开始顺着她的脸颊滚落下来。
  4. Downis also an adverb.
     
  5. She went down to the kitchen again...
     她又去了下面的厨房。
  6. She sat on the window seat until they climbed down from the roof...
     她坐在靠窗的座位上，直到他们从屋顶爬下来。
  7. I saw her push the boulder down on you...
     我看见她将巨石推下砸向你。
  8. Any unauthorized war planes flying in the area are to be shot down.
     任何未经允许飞入该地区的战斗机都将被击落。
• PREP 在…之下
  If you are a particular distancedownsomething, you are that distance below the top or surface of it.
  1. He managed to cling on to a ledge 40ft down the rock face...
     他设法紧紧地攀在了距岩壁顶端 40 英尺的岩礁上。
  2. The union leader was last night staging a protest vigil 400 yards down a mineshaft.
     昨晚工会领袖在 400 码深的矿井下举行了彻夜的抗议活动。
  3. Downis also an adverb.
     
  4. For the last 18 months miners have cut a face to develop a new shaft 400 metres down.
     在过去的 18 个月中，矿工在距地面 400 米处挖了一个采掘面来修建新的矿井。
• ADV 往下;向下;朝下
  You usedownto say that you are looking or facing in a direction that is towards the ground or towards a lower level.
  1. She was still looking down at her papers...
     她仍低头看着文件。
  2. She put her head down, her hands over her face...
     她低下头，双手掩面。
  3. He bent down and picked up a rock.
     他弯下腰捡起一块石头。
• ADV (放)下
  If you put somethingdown, you put it onto a surface.
  1. Danny put down his glass...
     丹尼放下了玻璃杯。
  2. After two rings I put down the phone...
     响了两声后，我放下了电话。
  3. He laid his knife down.
     他放下刀。
• PREP 沿;循;顺
  If you go or lookdownsomething such as a road or river, you go or look along it. If you aredowna road or river, you are somewhere along it.
  1. They set off at a jog up one street and down another...
     他们开始沿着一条又一条的街道慢跑。
  2. Karl looked down the street...
     卡尔朝街尾看了看。
  3. She lives a few miles down the road at Burnham.
     她住在伯汉姆，顺着路走几英里远。
  4. ...sailing down the river on a barge.
     乘驳船向河的下游航行
• ADV (尤指往南方或往地势低的地方)往，朝
  If you are travelling to a particular place, you can say that you are goingdown tothat place, especially if you are going towards the south or to a lower level of land.
  1. I went down to L.A. all the way from Seattle...
     我从西雅图一路南下到洛杉矶。
  2. I have seen him walking down to the shops a mile or so away...
     我看见他朝大约一英里以外的商店走去了。
  3. I'll take you back down to the valley.
     我会带你返回下面的山谷里。
  4. ...holidaymakers coming down here in the summer.
     夏天来这里的度假者
• PREP 在(某处);前往（某地）
  If you aredowna place, you are at that place. If you godowna place, you go to that place. Some people consider this to be non-standard.
  1. People are down the pub, getting drunk...
     人们在酒吧，喝得烂醉。
  2. We got in the car and went down the supermarket and started buying food.
     我们上车前往超市，然后开始购买食物。
• ADV 向较低水平;下降;下跌
  If an amount of something goesdown, it decreases. If an amount of something isdown, it has decreased and is at a lower level than it was.
  1. Interest rates came down today...
     今天利率下调了。
  2. Inflation will be down to three percent...
     通货膨胀率将降到 3%。
  3. My weight went down to seventy pounds...
     我的体重减到了 70 磅。
  4. My department had a healthy interest in keeping expenses down...
     我部门对维持低水平开支有浓厚兴趣。
  5. The Dow Jones industrial average is down 5 points at 2,913.
     道琼斯工业平均指数下跌了 5 个点，收于 2,913 点。
  6. ...with hotel occupation down by around half.
     随着酒店入住率下降了大约一半
• PHRASE 已处理的及尚未完成的
  If you say that there are a number of thingsdownand a numberto go, you are saying how many of the things have already been dealt with and how many remain to be dealt with.
  1. Thirteen months down, twenty-four years to go.
     过去了 13 个月，还有 24 年。
• PREP-PHRASE 下至;直至
  Down toa particular detail means including everything, even that detail.Down toa particular person means including everyone, even that person.
  1. I was a soldier down to my shoelaces.
     我是名不折不扣的军人。
  2. ...from the chairman right down to the tea ladies.
     上至主席下至上茶女侍
• PREP-PHRASE 只剩下
  If you aredown toa certain amount of something, you have only that amount left.
  1. The poor man's down to his last £3.
     那个可怜的人身上只剩 3 英镑了。
• PREP-PHRASE 由…引起(或造成)
  If a situation isdown toa particular person or thing, it has been caused by that person or thing.
  1. Any mistakes are entirely down to us...
     任何过错全是我们造成的。
  2. That's down to pure hard work.
     那些全是凭辛苦的劳动得来的。
• PREP-PHRASE 已安排…的;要做…的;将发生…的
  If someone or something isdown fora particular thing, it has been arranged that they will do that thing, or that thing will happen.
  1. Mark had told me that he was down for an interview.
     马克已告诉我他要参加一场面试。
  2. ...derelict houses that were down for demolition.
     将要拆除的废弃房屋
• See also:One of the office girls was down with the flu....a little girl down with that nasty bout of measles.come down with
• See also:He paid 20 percent down.put down
• PHRASE 打倒;推翻
  If people shout 'down with' something or someone, they are saying that they dislike them and want to get rid of them.
  1. Demonstrators chanted 'down with the rebels'.
     示威者高呼“打倒叛徒”。
• up and down→ see:up

ADJECTIVE USES 形容词用法

• ADJ-GRADED 沮丧的;闷闷不乐的;情绪低落的
  If you are feelingdown, you are feeling unhappy or depressed.
  1. I have been down since the injury happened...
     自从受了伤以来我一直很沮丧。
  2. Try to support each other when one of you is feeling down...
     当有人觉得情绪低落时，要努力相互打气。
  3. The old man sounded really down.
     老人听上去情绪十分低落。
• ADJ 写下的;记下的
  If something isdown onpaper, it has been written on the paper.
  1. That date wasn't down on our news sheet.
     那个日期没有刊在我们的通讯简报上。
• ADJ (尤指电脑)死机的，发生故障的
  If a piece of equipment, especially a computer system, isdown, it is temporarily not working because of a fault.
  1. The computer's down again.
     电脑又死机了。

VERB USES 动词用法

• VERB 吃下;喝下;吞下
  If you say that someonedownsfood or a drink, you mean that they eat or drink it.
  1. We downed bottles of local wine.
     我们喝了好几瓶本地产的葡萄酒。
• VERB 击倒;击落;打倒
  If something or someoneis downed, they fall to the ground because they have been hurt or damaged in some way.
  1. Two jet fighters were downed...
     两架喷气式战斗机被击落。
  2. A bank guard shot him in the leg and downed him.
     一名银行警卫开枪击中了他的大腿，使他受伤倒地。
• 见tool.
  todown toolssee

NOUN USES 名词用法

• N-UNCOUNT (小鸟的)绒毛，绒羽
  Downconsists of the small, soft feathers on young birds. Down is used to make bed-covers and pillows.
  1. ...goose down.
     鹅绒
• See also:The whole plant is covered with fine down.downs

英英释义

noun

• (American football) a complete play to advance the football
  1. you have four downs to gain ten yards
• soft fine feathers
  Synonym:down feather
• fine soft dense hair (as the fine short hair of cattle or deer or the wool of sheep or the undercoat of certain dogs)
  Synonym:pile
• (usually plural) a rolling treeless highland with little soil

verb

• improve or perfect by pruning or polishing
  1. refine one's style of writing
  Synonym:polishrefinefine-tune
• bring down or defeat (an opponent)
• eat immoderately
  1. Some people can down a pound of meat in the course of one meal
  Synonym:devourconsumego through
• drink down entirely
  1. He downed three martinis before dinner
  2. She killed a bottle of brandy that night
  3. They popped a few beer after work
  Synonym:toss offpopbolt downbelt downpour downdrink downkill
• cause to come or go down
  1. The policeman downed the heavily armed suspect
  2. The mugger knocked down the old lady after she refused to hand over her wallet
  Synonym:knock downcut downpush downpull down
• shoot at and force to come down
  1. the enemy landed several of our aircraft
  Synonym:shoot downland

adj

• not functioning (temporarily or permanently)
  1. we can't work because the computer is down
• shut
  1. the shades were down
• understood perfectly
  1. had his algebra problems down
  Synonym:down pat(p)mastered
• being or moving lower in position or less in some value
  1. lay face down
  2. the moon is down
  3. our team is down by a run
  4. down by a pawn
  5. the stock market is down today

adv

• spatially or metaphorically from a higher to a lower level or position
  1. don't fall down
  2. rode the lift up and skied down
  3. prices plunged downward
  Synonym:downwardsdownwarddownwardly
• away from a more central or a more northerly place
  1. was sent down to work at the regional office
  2. worked down on the farm
  3. came down for the wedding
  4. flew down to Florida
• paid in cash at time of purchase
  1. put ten dollars down on the necklace
• in an inactive or inoperative state
  1. the factory went down during the strike
  2. the computer went down again
• to a lower intensity
  1. he slowly phased down the light until the stage was completely black
• from an earlier time
  1. the story was passed down from father to son

双语例句

• I have seen him walking down to the shops a mile or so away
  我看见他朝大约一英里以外的商店走去了。
• He paid 20 percent down.
  他付了20%的钱款。
• We're going down a mountain
  我们正在下山。
• Karl looked down the street
  卡尔朝街尾看了看。
• A man came down the stairs to meet them
  一名男子下楼来迎接他们。
• The union leader was last night staging a protest vigil 400 yards down a mineshaft.
  昨晚工会领袖在400码深的矿井下举行了彻夜的抗议活动。
• That date wasn't down on our news sheet.
  那个日期没有刊在我们的通讯简报上。
• The whole plant is covered with fine down.
  整株植物都覆盖着细茸毛。
• After two rings I put down the phone
  响了两声后，我放下了电话。
• People are down the pub, getting drunk
  人们在酒吧，喝得烂醉。