duty

英 [ˈdjuːti]

美 [ˈduːti]

n. 责任; 义务; 本分; 上班; 值班; 职责; 任务

复数：duties　

中考高考 CET4 CET6 考研 IELTS 化学

Oxford 3000 / Collins.4 / BNC.846 / COCA.1752

同义词辨析

obligation commitment duty function responsibility【导航词义：义务，责任】

obligationn. 义务，责任

〔辨析〕

指法规、合同等规定的该做或不该做的事，含强制之意；也指因诺言、誓言等而必须要做的事。

〔例证〕

Employees are under no obligation to buy any products from their own company.
员工没有义务购买本公司生产的产品。
They have to fulfil the obligations imposed on them by the treaties.
他们不得不履行条约规定的义务。
He kept the secret for her out of a sense of obligation.
他出于责任感而替她保守秘密。
In fact, greater resources are needed to meet these obligations.
事实上，履行这些义务需要更多的财力。

commitmentn. 承诺；承诺之事

〔辨析〕

指会去做某事的保证或保证去做的事情。

〔例证〕

The company made a commitment to quality.
该公司对质量作出承诺。
88 percent of respondents said marriage should be a lifelong commit-ment.
88%的受访者表示婚姻应该是一辈子的承诺。
She's got a lot of commitments.
她作出了多项承诺。

dutyn. 责任，义务

〔辨析〕

指在道义或法律上应尽的本分，强调自觉性；也指工作职责，此时通常用复数。

〔例证〕

He feels it is his duty to help his neighbors.
他觉得帮助邻居是他的责任。
She was brought up to have a strong sense of moral duty.
她从小就被教育要有强烈的道德责任感。
Never forget your duty to your motherland.
切勿忘记你对祖国应尽的义务。
His duties included sweeping the lawn.
他的职责包括清理草坪。

functionn. 职责，职能

〔辨析〕

指某人的工作职责或某事物的职能或功用。

〔例证〕

Are you ready to perform your functions in your new job?
你准备好在新的工作岗位上履行职责了吗？
What's the function of this newly founded department?
这个新成立的部门的职能是什么？

responsibilityn. 责任，义务

〔辨析〕

指管控某人或某事物的责任、对不良事件所负的责任或工作职责，强调对他人的责任。

〔例证〕

Generally speaking, a promotion means higher salary and more responsibility.
一般而言，升职意味着更多的薪水和更大的责任。
It's your responsibility to inform them of any changes.
如有任何变动，你有责任通知他们。
Who should accept full responsibility for the political crisis?
谁应该为这场政治危机负全责？
Her responsibilities include handing out brochures and answering the phone.
她的职责包括分发宣传册和接听电话。

习惯用语

on/off duty

值（或下）班；值（或不值）勤
working/not working at a particular time
Who's on duty today?
今天谁值班？
What time do you go off duty?
你什么时候下班？

a/your bounden duty

应尽的义务；不可推卸的责任
something that you feel you must do; a responsibility which cannot be ignored

in the line of duty

在执行任务时；在履行职责时
while doing a job
A policeman was injured in the line of duty yesterday.
昨天有一名警察在执行公务时受伤。

牛津词典

noun

责任；义务；本分
something that you feel you have to do because it is your moral or legal responsibility
1. It is my duty to report it to the police.
  把这事报告给警方是我的责任。
2. Local councillors have a duty to serve the community.
  地方议员有义务为社区服务。
3. I don't want you to visit me simply out of a sense of duty .
  我不希望你只是出于责任感才来看我。
4. your duties as a parent
  你作为父母的责任
5. to do your duty for your country
  为祖国尽己任
上班；值班
the work that is your job
1. Report for duty at 8 a.m.
  早上8点钟报到上班。
职责；任务
tasks that are part of your job
1. I spend a lot of my time on administrative duties.
  我在行政管理事务上花了大量时间。
2. Your duties will include setting up a new computer system.
  你的职责将包括建立一个新的计算机系统。
税；（尤指进口货品）关税
a tax that you pay on things that you buy, especially those that you bring into a country
1. customs/excise/import duties
  关税；消费税；进口税
2. duty on wine and beer
  葡萄酒和啤酒税

柯林斯词典

N-UNCOUNT 职务;义务
Dutyis work that you have to do for your job.
1. Staff must report for duty at their normal place of work...
  职员必须在平时上班的地方签到。
2. My duty is to look after the animals.
  我的责任就是照看这些动物。
N-PLURAL 职责;任务;本职工作
Yourdutiesare tasks which you have to do because they are part of your job.
1. I carried out my duties conscientiously...
  我一丝不苟地履行我的职责。
2. He was relieved of his duties as presidential adviser.
  他被撤销了总统顾问一职。
N-SING 责任;本分
If you say that something is yourduty, you believe that you ought to do it because it is your responsibility.
1. I consider it my duty to write to you and thank you.
  我认为写信向你表达谢意是我的责任。
N-VAR 税
Dutiesare taxes which you pay to the government on goods that you buy.
1. Import duties still average 30%.
  进口税的平均水平仍然在 30%。
2. ...customs duties...
  关税
3. They are pressing the Chancellor to reduce excise duty on beer.
  他们正给总理施压，要求降低啤酒的消费税。
PHRASE 下班/上班;不值班/值班
If someone such as a policeman or a nurse isoff duty, they are not working. If someone ison duty, they are working.
1. I'm off duty...
  我下班了。
2. Four officers were told to go off duty and rest at home...
  四名官员已经被通知停职在家休整。
3. There were 2,250 policemen on duty in and around the stadium...
  在体育场内及周边有 2,250 名警察在值勤。
4. Extra staff had been put on duty.
  编外人员已经就职。

英英释义

noun

work that you are obliged to perform for moral or legal reasons
1. the duties of the job
the social force that binds you to the courses of action demanded by that force
1. we must instill a sense of duty in our children
2. every right implies a responsibilit
Synonym:responsibilityobligation
a government tax on imports or exports
1. they signed a treaty to lower duties on trade between their countries
Synonym:tariff

双语例句

But, in the interim, we obviously have a duty to maintain law and order
但是，在过渡期间，我们显然有责任维护治安。
They are pressing the Chancellor to reduce excise duty on beer.
他们正给总理施压，要求降低啤酒的消费税。
I consider it my duty to write to you and thank you.
我认为写信向你表达谢意是我的责任。
The boss fired him out for neglect of his duty.
老板以玩忽职守为由把他开除了。
They have a case against their directors for breach of fiduciary duty.
他们掌握了足够的证据控告董事违犯信托责任。
We had a statutory duty to report to Parliament.
我们有向议会报告的法定义务。
Staff must report for duty at their normal place of work
职员必须在平时上班的地方签到。
My duty is to look after the animals.
我的责任就是照看这些动物。
We have followed the dictates of our consciences and have done our duty.
我们遵从了自己的良知，尽到了自己的义务。
All authority was vested in the woman, who discharged every kind of public duty
女性被赋予了所有权力，履行所有公共职责。