rough

英 [rʌf]

美 [rʌf]

adj.  粗糙的; 不平滑的; 高低不平的; 不确切的; 粗略的; 大致的; 粗暴的; 粗野的; 猛烈的
n.  (高尔夫球场的)长草区; 草稿; 草图; 暴徒; 粗野的人
v.  粗暴地对待;使粗糙;草拟
adv.  粗鲁地; 粗野地

比较级：rougher　最高级：roughest　过去分词：roughed　复数：roughs　现在分词：roughing　过去式：roughed　第三人称单数：roughs　

高考CET4CET6考研TOEFLIELTSTEM4

Oxford 3000 / Collins.3 / BNC.2422 / COCA.2627

同义词辨析

roughcoarsecruderude【导航词义：粗糙的】

hoarsegravellyrough【导航词义：沙哑的】

短语用例

rough sth↔out

• 画…的草图；草拟
  to draw or write sth without including all the details

rough sb↔up

• 殴打；施以暴力
  to hurt sb by hitting or kicking them

习惯用语

adj.

rough edges
• 瑕疵；美中不足之处
  small parts of sth or of a person's character that are not yet as good as they should be
• The ballet still had some rough edges.
  这段芭蕾舞还有不足之处。
• He had a few rough edges knocked off at school.
  他在学校改掉了一些坏毛病。
the rough end of the pineapple
• 受到不良（或不公平）对待的处境
  a situation in which sb is treated badly or unfairly
a rough deal
• 不公平的待遇
  the fact of being treated unfairly
have a rough/an easy ridegive sb a rough/an easy ride
• （使）举步维艰（或一帆风顺）
  to experience/not experience difficulties when you are doing sth; to make things difficult/easy for sb
• He will be given a rough ride at the party conference.
  在党员大会上他会很难过这一关。

n.

in rough
• 粗略地；大致上
  if you write or draw sth in rough , you make a first version of it, not worrying too much about mistakes or details
take the rough with the smooth
• 好事坏事都接受；既能享乐也能吃苦
  to accept the unpleasant or difficult things that happen in life as well as the good things
a bit of rough
• （与社会地位较高者有性关系的）有魅力的粗人
  a person of a low social class who has a sexual relationship with sb of a higher class

v.

rough it
• 暂时过艰苦的生活；渡过暂时的难关
  to live in a way that is not very comfortable for a short time
• We can sleep on the beach. I don't mind roughing it for a night or two.
  我们可以睡在海滩上。我不在乎吃一两夜的苦。

adv.

live/sleep rough
• 风餐露宿（通常因为无家可归或贫穷）
  to live or sleep outdoors, usually because you have no home and no money
• young people sleeping rough on the streets
  露宿街头的年轻人

牛津词典

adj.

不平滑 not smooth
• 粗糙的；不平滑的；高低不平的
  having a surface that is not even or regular
  1. rough ground
     高低不平的地面
  2. The skin on her hands was hard and rough.
     她手上的皮肤粗糙而没有弹性。
  3. Trim rough edges with a sharp knife.
     用锋利的刀将参差不齐的边切齐。
不确切 not exact
• 不确切的；粗略的；大致的
  not exact; not including all details
  1. a rough calculation/estimate of the cost
     对成本的粗略计算 / 估计
  2. I've got a rough idea of where I want to go.
     我大致知道我想去哪里了。
  3. There were about 20 people there, at a rough guess .
     那里约计有20人。
  4. a rough draft of a speech
     讲话草稿
  5. a rough sketch
     草图
粗暴 violent
• 粗暴的；粗野的；猛烈的
  not gentle or careful; violent
  1. This watch is not designed for rough treatment.
     这块手表不可重拿重放。
  2. They complained of rough handling by the guards.
     他们投诉警卫对他们动粗了。
  3. rough kids
     粗野的小孩
  4. Don't try any rough stuff with me!
     别想对我撒野！
• 犯罪盛行的；充斥暴力的；危险的
  where there is a lot of violence or crime
  1. the roughest neighbourhood in the city
     城市最危险的街区
海洋 sea
• 汹涌的；风浪很大的
  having large and dangerous waves
  1. It was too rough to sail that night.
     那天夜里风浪太大，无法行船。
天气 weather
• 恶劣的；有暴风雨的
  wild and with storms
困难 difficult
• 艰难的；讨厌的；令人不快的
  difficult and unpleasant
  1. He's had a really rough time recently (= he's had a lot of problems) .
     他最近真是困难重重。
  2. We'll get someone in to do the rough work (= the hard physical work) .
     我们会找个人来干这重活。
不舒服 not well
• 不舒服的；不适的
  not feeling well
  1. You look rough─are you OK?
     你看上去不太舒服——没事吧？
  2. I had a rough night (= I didn't sleep well) .
     我一夜没睡好觉。
简单；基本 plain/basic
• 粗糙的；不够精细的；朴实简单的
  simply made and not finished in every detail; plain or basic
  1. rough wooden tables
     粗糙的木桌
  2. a rough track
     凹凸不平的小径
  3. rough paper for making notes on
     做笔记的草稿纸
令人不舒服 not smooth
• 味道差的；涩的；刺耳的；令人难受的
  not smooth or pleasant to taste, listen to, etc.
  1. a rough wine/voice
     口感极差的葡萄酒；刺耳的声音

noun

高尔夫球 in golf
• （高尔夫球场的）长草区
  the part of a golf course where the grass is long, making it more difficult to hit the ball
绘画；设计 drawing/design
• 草稿；草图
  the first version of a drawing or design that has been done quickly and without much detail
暴徒 violent person
• 暴徒；粗野的人
  a violent person
  1. a gang of roughs
     一帮暴徒

verb

verb

adv.

• 粗鲁地；粗野地
  using force or violence
  1. Do they always play this rough?
     他们比赛总是这么粗野吗？

柯林斯词典

• ADJ-GRADED (表面)粗糙不平的，不光滑的
  If a surface isrough, it is uneven and not smooth.
  1. His hands were rough and calloused, from years of karate practice...
     由于多年练习空手道，他的双手粗糙不平，布满老茧。
  2. Grace made her way slowly across the rough ground.
     格雷斯缓慢地走过高低不平的地面。
• ADJ-GRADED (人或行为)粗暴的，粗野的，粗鲁的
  You say that people or their actions areroughwhen they use too much force and not enough care or gentleness.
  1. Rugby's a rough game at the best of times...
     即使是在比赛最不激烈的时候，橄榄球也是一种粗野的运动。
  2. They have complained of discrimination and occasional rough treatment.
     他们抗议遭受歧视，而且偶尔还会遭到粗暴的对待。
• ADJ-GRADED (地区、城市、学校等)危险的，充斥暴力的，犯罪率高的
  Arougharea, city, school, or other place is unpleasant and dangerous because there is a lot of violence or crime there.
  1. It was quite a rough part of our town.
     这是我们城里犯罪率很高的地区。
• ADJ-GRADED (日子)艰难的，困难的，不愉快的
  If you say that someone has had aroughtime, you mean that they have had some difficult or unpleasant experiences.
  1. All women have a rough time in our society...
     在我们的社会中，所有女性的日子都不好过。
  2. Tomorrow, he knew, would be a rough day.
     他知道明天将会是艰难的一天。
• ADJ-GRADED 身体不适的;不舒服的
  If you feelrough, you feel ill.
  1. The virus won't go away and the lad is still feeling a bit rough.
     病毒无法清除，这个小伙子仍然觉得有点不舒服。
• ADJ-GRADED (计算、猜测)大概的，粗略的，不精确的
  Aroughcalculation or guess is approximately correct, but not exact.
  1. We were only able to make a rough estimate of how much fuel would be required...
     我们只能对所需燃料作一个粗略的估计。
  2. As a rough guide, a horse needs 2.5 per cent of his body weight in food every day.
     作为一个大致的参照，一匹马每天需要吃相当于其体重2.5％的食物。
• ADJ-GRADED (想法、描述)粗略的，简略的，大致的;(图画)简笔的
  If you give someone aroughidea, description, or drawing of something, you indicate only the most important features, without much detail.
  1. I've got a rough idea of what he looks like...
     我已经大致知道他长什么样子了。
  2. It often helps to make a rough sketch showing where the vehicles were.
     画一个简略的草图标示车辆当时所在的位置往往很有用。
• ADJ-GRADED 做工粗糙的;不精致的;简陋的
  You can say that something isroughwhen it is not neat and well made.
  1. ...a rough wooden table.
     做工粗糙的木桌子
  2. ...chairs set in a rough circle in the middle of the room.
     房间中央大致围成一圈的椅子
• ADJ-GRADED (天气)恶劣的，狂风暴雨的;(海面)波浪滔天的
  If the sea or the weather at sea isrough, the weather is windy or stormy and there are very big waves.
  1. A fishing vessel and a cargo ship collided in rough seas.
     一艘捕鱼船和一艘货船在波涛汹涌的海上相撞了。
• ADV 风餐露宿地;无家可归地;流浪地
  When people sleep or liverough, they sleep out of doors, usually because they have no home.
  1. It makes me so sad when I see young people begging or sleeping rough on the streets.
     我看到年轻人沿街乞讨、露宿街头，心里会非常难过。
• VERB 过（从前没有过的）艰苦的生活
  If you have toroughit, you have to live without the possessions and comforts that you normally have.
  1. You won't be roughing it; each room comes equipped with a telephone and a 3-channel radio.
     你不会过得太艰苦;每个房间都配备了一部电话和一台可以接收3个频道的收音机。
• rough justice→ see:justice

双语例句

• All women have a rough time in our society
  在我们的社会中，所有女性的日子都不好过。
• Moths flew in front of it, eventually settling on the rough painted metal.
  几只蛾子在它前面飞，最终落在了那块粗糙的喷漆金属上。
• He drowned after 30 minutes in the rough seas
  他在汹涌的海浪中挣扎了30分钟后淹死了。
• His hands were rough and calloused, from years of karate practice
  由于多年练习空手道，他的双手粗糙不平，布满老茧。
• The car jolted badly over the rough road.
  汽车在崎岖的道路上颠得很厉害。
• Only the rough guess and estimate can be made of it.
  对此只能作出一个粗略的测算。
• I rewrote his rough draft, which was published under my name
  我把他的草稿重新改写，并以我的名字发表了。
• The virus won't go away and the lad is still feeling a bit rough.
  病毒无法清除，这个小伙子仍然觉得有点不舒服。
• It would have been rough justice had he been deprived of this important third European win.
  要是他被剥夺了这一意义重大的第三个欧洲冠军头衔，那对他简直是太不公平了。
• They have complained of discrimination and occasional rough treatment.
  他们抗议遭受歧视，而且偶尔还会遭到粗暴的对待。