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scrape

英 [skreɪp]

美 [skreɪp]

v.  刮掉; 削去; 擦坏; 擦伤; 刮坏; 蹭破; (使)发出刺耳的刮擦声
n.  刮; 铲; 刮铲声; 刮擦声; 擦伤; 擦痕; 自己造成的困境

过去式：scraped　现在分词：scraping　过去分词：scraped　复数：scrapes　第三人称单数：scrapes　

CET4CET6考研TOEFLIELTSGRETEM4TEM8

Collins.2 / BNC.5968 / COCA.5494

短语动词

scrape by
1. 勉强生活；勉强糊口  

scrape through
1. 勉强通过（考试）；（在竞争、选举中）勉强获胜  

scrape together
1. （艰难地）凑齐，筹集  

短语用例

    scrape by (on sth)

    • （靠…）勉强维持生计，糊口，艰难度日
      to manage to live on the money you have, but with difficulty

      scrape in

        scrape into sth

        • 勉强获得（工作、职位、入学资格等）
          to manage to get a job, a position, a place at college, etc., but with difficulty
          1. I scraped the side of my car on the wall.
            我车的一侧被墙刮了。
          2. Sorry, I've scraped some paint off the car.
            抱歉，我把车刮掉了一块漆。
          3. She fell and scraped her knee.
            她摔了一跤，把膝盖蹭破了。
          4. The wire had scraped the skin from her fingers.
            她的手指头让金属丝刮掉了皮。

        scrape sth↔out

        • 挖出；掘出
          to remove sth from inside sth else, using sth sharp or hard like a knife
          1. I could hear his pen scraping across the paper.
            我听得见他的钢笔在纸上沙沙地响。
          2. We could hear her scraping away at the violin.
            我们听得见她正一个劲儿吱吱呀呀地拉小提琴。
          3. Don't scrape your chairs on the floor.
            别把椅子在地板上蹭得嘎吱嘎吱响。

        scrape through

          scrape through sth

          • 艰难完成；勉强通过（考试）
            to succeed in doing sth with difficulty, especially in passing an exam

            scrape sth↔together/up

            • 勉强凑集；费力聚拢；艰难筹措
              to obtain or collect together sth, but with difficulty

              习惯用语

                v.

                  scrape (the bottom of) the barrel
                • （因别无选择）将就，凑合
                  to have to use whatever things or people you can get, because there is not much choice available
                  • bow and scrape
                • 卑躬屈膝；点头哈腰
                  to be too polite to an important person in order to gain their approval

                牛津词典

                  verb

                    除去 remove
                  • 刮掉；削去
                    to remove sth from a surface by moving sth sharp and hard like a knife across it
                    1. She scraped the mud off her boots.
                      她刮掉了靴子上的泥。
                    2. The kids had scraped their plates clean.
                      孩子们把自己的盘子擦得干干净净。
                    • 损坏 damage
                  • 擦坏；擦伤；刮坏；蹭破
                    to rub sth by accident so that it gets damaged or hurt
                    1. I scraped the side of my car on the wall.
                      我车的一侧被墙刮了。
                    2. Sorry, I've scraped some paint off the car.
                      抱歉，我把车刮掉了一块漆。
                    3. She fell and scraped her knee.
                      她摔了一跤，把膝盖蹭破了。
                    4. The wire had scraped the skin from her fingers.
                      她的手指头让金属丝刮掉了皮。
                    • 发出声音 make sound
                  • （使）发出刺耳的刮擦声
                    to make an unpleasant noise by rubbing against a hard surface; to make sth do this
                    1. I could hear his pen scraping across the paper.
                      我听得见他的钢笔在纸上沙沙地响。
                    2. We could hear her scraping away at the violin.
                      我们听得见她正一个劲儿吱吱呀呀地拉小提琴。
                    3. Don't scrape your chairs on the floor.
                      别把椅子在地板上蹭得嘎吱嘎吱响。
                    • 艰难获取 win with difficulty
                  • 艰难取得；勉强获得
                    to manage to win or to get sth with difficulty
                    1. The team scraped a narrow victory last year.
                      这支队去年险胜。
                    2. I just scraped a pass in the exam.
                      我考试勉强及格。
                    3. They scraped a living by playing music on the streets.
                      他们在街头演奏音乐，勉强维持生活。
                    4. The government scraped home (= just won) by three votes.
                      政府以三票的微弱优势勉强过关。
                    • 在地上挖坑 make hole in ground
                  • 挖坑；挖洞
                    to make a hole or hollow place in the ground
                    1. He found a suitable place, scraped a hole and buried the bag in it.
                      他找了个合适的地方，挖个坑，把包埋了进去。
                    • 朝后拢头发 pull hair back
                  • 把头发拢在后面
                    to pull your hair tightly back, away from your face
                    1. Her hair was scraped back from her face in a ponytail.
                      她的头发拢在后面，扎成一个马尾辫。

                  noun

                    动作；声音 action/sound
                  • 刮；铲；刮铲声；刮擦声
                    the action or unpleasant sound of one thing rubbing roughly against another
                    1. the scrape of iron on stone
                      铁摩擦石头发出的嚓嚓声
                    • 损坏 damage
                  • 擦伤；擦痕
                    an injury or a mark caused by rubbing against sth rough
                    1. She emerged from the overturned car with only a few scrapes and bruises.
                      她从翻了的车里钻出来，只擦破一点皮，碰了几块淤青。
                    • 困境 difficult situation
                  • 自己造成的困境
                    a difficult situation that you have caused yourself
                    1. He was always getting into scrapes as a boy.
                      他小时候老闯祸。

                  柯林斯词典

                  • VERB (尤指用锋利物)刮落,削掉，擦掉
                    If youscrapesomething from a surface, you remove it, especially by pulling a sharp object over the surface.
                    1. She went round the car scraping the frost off the windows...
                      她把结霜的车窗挨个儿擦干净。
                    2. Young children were trying to scrape up some of the rice that spilled from the sacks.
                      小孩子们正试图铲起从麻袋中散落的米粒儿。
                  • V-ERG 摩擦使发出刺耳声;擦伤;蹭破
                    If somethingscrapesagainst something else or if someone or somethingscrapessomething else, it rubs against it, making a noise or causing slight damage.
                    1. The only sound is that of knives and forks scraping against china...
                      只听见刀叉摩擦瓷器的刺耳声。
                    2. The cab driver struggled with her luggage, scraping a bag against the door as they came in...
                      出租车司机费力地拿着她的行李，进门时把一个包剐破了。
                    3. The car hurtled past us, scraping the wall and screeching to a halt...
                      汽车从我们身边疾驰而过，蹭到墙壁上然后戛然刹住。
                    4. There was a scraping sound as she dragged the heels of her shoes along the pavement.
                      她拖着脚走，鞋跟蹭着人行道嚓嚓作响。
                    5. Scrapeis also a noun.
                    6. From the other side of the door came the scrape of a guard's boot.
                      从门的另一侧传来了保安嚓嚓的马靴声。
                  • VERB 擦伤，刮破(身体部位)
                    If youscrapea part of your body, you accidentally rub it against something hard and rough, and damage it slightly.
                    1. She stumbled and fell, scraping her palms and knees.
                      她绊了一下摔倒了，手掌和膝盖都蹭破了。
                  • N-COUNT (自己导致的)窘境，困境
                    If you areinascrape, you are in a difficult situation which you have caused yourself.
                    1. We got into terrible scrapes.
                      我们走投无路。
                  • toscrape the barrel→ see:barrel

                  英英释义

                  noun

                  verb

                  • scratch repeatedly
                    1. The cat scraped at the armchair
                    Synonym:grate
                  • cut the surface of
                      Synonym:scratchscratch up
                    1. bruise, cut, or injure the skin or the surface of
                      1. The boy skinned his knee when he fell
                      Synonym:skin
                    2. gather (money or other resources) together over time
                      1. She had scraped together enough money for college
                      2. they scratched a meager living
                      Synonym:scrape upscratchcome up
                    3. make by scraping
                      1. They scraped a letter into the stone
                    4. bend the knees and bow in a servile manner
                        Synonym:kowtowgenuflect

                      双语例句

                      • They bow and scrape like slaves to the foreigners, willing to sell the country for their own selfish ends.
                        他们对外奴颜婢膝，甘心卖国求荣。
                      • Can you scrape up enough money for a holiday?
                        你能凑够了钱去度假吗？
                      • Take two nails and scrape them together vigorously.
                        以两个钉子和他们一起大力刮。
                      • The car hurtled past us, scraping the wall and screeching to a halt
                        汽车从我们身边疾驰而过，蹭到墙壁上然后戛然刹住。
                      • Are you hurt? Just a little scrape.
                        你受伤了吗？只是一点刮伤。
                      • Scrape off all the loose flakes of paint before redecorating.
                        先把翘起来的漆皮刮掉再重新装修。
                      • The cab driver struggled with her luggage, scraping a bag against the door as they came in
                        出租车司机费力地拿着她的行李，进门时把一个包剐破了。
                      • If we mark up Jones on two or three papers he will just scrape a pass.
                        如果我们在琼斯的两三份卷子上拉一些分，那他会勉强及格。
                      • We got into terrible scrapes.
                        我们走投无路。
                      • I'll scrape something together, and I'll find you this week.
                        我会去凑点钱，我这个星期会去找你的。

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