short

英 [ʃɔːt]

美 [ʃɔːrt]

adj.  短的; 个子矮的; 短期的; 短暂的
adv.  缺少; 不足; 未达到; 不及; 中间(打断); 过早地(终止)
n.  少量烈酒; (尤指在正片前放映的)电影短片
vi.  故意少给…的零头; 骗取短路

比较级：shorter　最高级：shortest　现在分词：shorting　过去式：shorted　第三人称单数：shorts　过去分词：shorted　

中考高考IELTS考研

Oxford 3000 / Collins.2 / BNC.500 / COCA.627

习惯用语

adj.

a brick short of a load, two sandwiches short of a picnic, etc.
• 冒傻气的；不大聪明的
  stupid; not very intelligent
get the short end of the stickget the short end of the stickgive sb/sth/get short shrift
• 不重视（或同情）；不受重视（或同情）
  to give sb/get little attention or sympathy
have/be on a short fuse
• 动辄发火；性情暴躁；脾气不好
  to have a tendency to get angry quickly and easily
• You may find your temper on a short fuse when confronting your teenager.
  对付十几岁的半大孩子，你可能动不动就会生气。
in short order
• 麻利；简单省事
  quickly and without trouble
in the short run
• 从短期来看；眼下
  concerning the immediate future
• In the short run, unemployment may fall.
  从短期来看，失业率可能降低。
in short supply
• 不充裕；短缺；紧缺
  not existing in large enough quantities to satisfy demand
• Basic foodstuffs were in short supply.
  基本食物紧缺。
• Sunshine will be in short supply for the west coast.
  西海岸将不会有充足的阳光。
little/nothing short of sth
• 可以说是；无异于；近乎
  used when you are saying that sth is almost true, or is equal to sth
• Last year's figures were little short of disastrous.
  去年的数字简直是灾难。
• The transformation has been nothing short of a miracle.
  这种变化堪称奇迹。
make short work of sth/sb
• 干净利落地打败（或处理）；三下五除二就打垮（或解决）
  to defeat, deal with sth/sb quickly
• Liverpool made short work of the opposition (= in a football/ soccer game) .
  利物浦队干净利落地击败了对手。
• He made short work of his lunch (= ate it quickly) .
  他三下两下吃完午饭。
short and sweet
• 短暂而美好；简明扼要；紧凑
  pleasant but not lasting a long time
• We haven't much time so I'll keep it short and sweet.
  我们时间不多，我就长话短说吧。
draw the short straw
• 抽到倒霉签；被派做苦差事
  to be the person in a group who is chosen or forced to perform an unpleasant duty or task
• I drew the short straw and had to clean the toilets.
  我抽到了下下签，只得打扫厕所了。
life's too short
• 人生苦短；不可枉费此生
  used to say that it is not worth wasting time doing sth that you dislike or that is not important
full/short measure
• 足 / 不足量
  the whole of sth or less of sth than you expect or should have
• We experienced the full measure of their hospitality.
  我们领受了他们十足的盛情。
• The concert only lasted an hour, so we felt we were getting short measure.
  音乐会仅仅持续了一个小时，让我们有一种缺斤少两的感觉。
at short noticeat a moment's notice
• 随时；一经通知立即；没有准备时间
  not long in advance; without warning or time for preparation
• This was the best room we could get at such short notice.
  这是我们临时能弄到的最好的房间了。
• You must be ready to leave at a moment's notice.
  你必须随时准备出发。
in the long/short/medium term
• 长 / 短 / 中期内
  used to describe what will happen a long, short, etc. time in the future
• Such a development seems unlikely, at least in the short term (= it will not happen for quite a long time).
  发生这样的情况看来可能性不大，起码短期之内应当如此。
(as) thick as two short planks
• 笨得像木头人；笨到极点
  very stupid

adv.

be caught short
• 突然感觉要上厕所；内急
  to suddenly feel an urgent need to go to the toilet/bathroom
• 被置于不利地位
  to be put at a disadvantage
come short
• 出事故；遇到麻烦
  to have an accident; to get into trouble
fall short of sth
• 未达到；不符合
  to fail to reach the standard that you expected or need
• The hotel fell far short of their expectations.
  旅馆远没有他们预期的那么好。
short of (doing) sth
• 没有；如果不；除非
  without sth; without doing sth; unless sth happens
• Short of a miracle, we're certain to lose.
  除非发生奇迹，否则我们输定了。
• Short of asking her to leave (= and we don't want to do that) there's not a lot we can do about the situation.
  要是不请她走，我们也就没有多少办法应付这种局面了。
pull, bring, etc. sb up short
• 使某人突然停止
  to make sb suddenly stop what they are doing
• I was brought up short by a terrible thought.
  一个可怕的念头闪过，我一下子愣住了。
sell sb/yourself short
• 低估，轻视，小瞧（某人或自己）
  to not value sb/yourself highly enough and show this by the way you treat or present them/yourself
stop shortstop sb short
• （使）突然停住
  to suddenly stop, or make sb suddenly stop, doing sth
• He stopped short when he heard his name.
  听见有人喊他的名字，他突然停住了。

n.

in short
• 总之；简言之
  in a few words
• His novels belong to a great but vanished age. They are, in short, old-fashioned.
  他的小说属于一个辉煌但已逝去的时代。一句话，已经过时了。
the long and (the) short of it
• 总而言之；总的情况
  used when you are telling sb the essential facts about sth or what effect it will have, without explaining all the details

牛津词典

adj.

长度；距离 length/distance
• 短的
  measuring or covering a small length or distance, or a smaller length or distance than usual
  1. He had short curly hair.
     他有一头短鬈发。
  2. a short walk
     短距离步行
  3. a short skirt
     短裙
高度 height
• 个子矮的
  small in height
  1. She was short and dumpy.
     她又矮又胖。
时间 time
• 短的；短期的；短暂的
  lasting or taking a small amount of time or less time than usual
  1. I'm going to France for a short break.
     我打算去法国度个短假。
  2. Which is the shortest day of the year?
     一年中哪一天最短？
  3. a short book (= taking a short time to read, because it does not have many pages)
     一本小书
  4. She has a very short memory (= remembers only things that have happened recently) .
     她的记性很差，时间一长就忘。
  5. Life's too short to sit around moping.
     人生很短，不能整天坐在那儿自寻烦闷。
  6. It was all over in a relatively short space of time .
     不一会儿工夫就完全结束了。
• 短短的
  seeming to have passed very quickly
  1. Just two short years ago he was the best player in the country.
     就在两年前，他还是全国最优秀的运动员呢。
不足 not enough
• 不足；短缺
  not having enough of sth; lacking sth
  1. I'm afraid I'm a little short (= of money) this month.
     这个月我恐怕手头有点紧。
  2. She is not short of excuses when things go wrong.
     事情出了差错，她老有借口。
• 缺乏，缺少（某种品质）
  lacking or not having enough of a particular quality
  1. He was a big strapping guy but short on brains.
     他五大三粗，但头脑简单。
• 紧俏；紧缺
  not easily available; not supplying as much as you need
  1. Money was short at that time.
     那时候，钱紧缺。
• 少于；缺少；未达到
  less than the number, amount or distance mentioned or needed
  1. Her last throw was only three centimetres short of the world record.
     她的最后一掷距世界纪录只差三厘米。
  2. The team was five players short.
     球队还缺五名球员。
  3. She was just short of her 90th birthday when she died.
     她去世时就快过90岁生日了。
呼吸 of breath
• （呼吸）短促，困难；（气）急
  having difficulty breathing, for example because of illness
名称；单词 name/word
• 简略的；缩写的
  being a shorter form of a name or word
  1. Call me Jo─it's short for Joanna.
     叫我乔好了——这是乔安娜的简称。
  2. file transfer protocol or FTP for short
     file transfer protocol（文件传输协议）或简称FTP
无礼 rude
• 简单粗暴；简慢无礼
  speaking to sb using few words in a way that seems rude
  1. I'm sorry I was short with you earlier─I had other things on my mind.
     对不起，我刚才对你简慢了——我脑子里在想别的事。
元音 vowel
• 短音的
  a short vowel is pronounced for a shorter time than other vowels
  1. Compare the short vowel in ‘full’ and the long vowel in ‘fool’.
     比较full中的短元音和fool中的长元音。

adv.

• 缺少；不足
  if you go short of or run short of sth, you do not have enough of it
  1. I'd never let you go short of anything.
     我什么都不会让你缺的。
  2. Mothers regularly go short of food to ensure their children have enough.
     为了保证自己的孩子吃饱饭，做母亲的经常忍饥挨饿。
  3. They had run short of (= used most of their supply of) fuel.
     他们燃料不够用了。
• 未达到；不及
  not as far as you need or expect
  1. All too often you pitch the ball short.
     你投球老是距离不够。
• 中间（打断）；过早地（终止）
  before the time expected or arranged; before the natural time
  1. a career tragically cut short by illness
     因病不幸中断的事业
  2. I'm afraid I'm going to have to stop you short there, as time is running out.
     时间快到了，恐怕我得就此打断你了。

noun

• 少量烈酒
  a small strong alcoholic drink, for example of whisky
• （尤指在正片前放映的）电影短片
  a short film/movie, especially one that is shown before the main film
• （尤指在正片前放映的）电影短片
  a short film/movie, especially one that is shown before the main film

verb

verb

柯林斯词典

ADJECTIVE AND ADVERB USES 形容词和副词用法

• → see:Please look at category 24 to if the expression you are looking for is shown under another headword. 以下义项中未列出的表达方式请参第24项。
• ADJ-GRADED 短暂的;短促的;短期的
  If something isshortor lasts for ashorttime, it does not last very long.
  1. The announcement was made a short time ago...
     通告是不久前才宣布的。
  2. How could you do it in such a short period of time?...
     你是怎么在如此短的时间里做到的？
  3. Mr Annan took a short break before resuming his schedule...
     安南先生在继续自己的工作前先短暂休息了一下。
  4. Kemp gave a short laugh...
     肯普笑了一声。
  5. We had a short meeting.
     我们开了个短会。
• ADJ-GRADED 似乎过得很快的;短暂的
  If you talk about ashorthour, day, or year, you mean that it seems to have passed very quickly or will seem to pass very quickly.
  1. For a few short weeks there was peace...
     有过短短几周的和平。
  2. Only five short years later, your money will have grown by $94,000.
     仅短短 5 年时间后，你的钱就会增多 94,000 美元。
• ADJ-GRADED (演讲、信件、书等)短的，简短的
  Ashortspeech, letter, or book does not have many words or pages in it.
  1. They were performing a short extract from Shakespeare's Two Gentlemen of Verona...
     他们正表演莎士比亚剧作《维洛那二绅士》中的一个片段。
  2. This is a short note to say thank you.
     这是一封简短的致谢信。
• ADJ-GRADED 矮的;个子矮的
  Someone who isshortis not as tall as most people are.
  1. I'm tall and thin and he's short and fat.
     我又高又瘦，他又矮又胖。
  2. ...a short, elderly woman with grey hair...
     头发灰白的矮个子老妇人
  3. He's the shortest of four brothers.
     他是四兄弟中个子最矮的。
• ADJ-GRADED (距离、长度等)短的，不长的，不远的
  Something that isshortmeasures only a small amount from one end to the other.
  1. The city centre and shops are only a short distance away...
     市中心和商店离得很近。
  2. A short flight of steps led to a grand doorway...
     一段短短的台阶通向一个气派的大门口。
  3. His black hair was very short.
     他的黑发很短。
• ADJ-GRADED 短缺的;不足的
  If you areshort ofsomething or if it isshort, you do not have enough of it. If you are runningshort ofsomething or if it is runningshort, you do not have much of it left.
  1. Her father's illness left the family short of money...
     她父亲的病造成家里经济拮据。
  2. Government forces are running short of ammunition and fuel...
     政府军的弹药和燃料都快用完了。
  3. Supplies of everything are unreliable, food is short...
     各种补给都不稳定，食品也短缺。
  4. Time is running short.
     快没时间了。
• ADJ 少于;不及;未达到
  If someone or something is or stopsshort ofa place, they have not quite reached it. If they are or fallshort ofan amount, they have not quite achieved it.
  1. He stopped a hundred yards short of the building...
     他在离大楼 100 码处停下了。
  2. So what happens if the Socialists top the poll but fall short of an absolute majority?...
     那么如果社会党人得票领先却又未达到绝对多数，那会怎么样呢？
  3. Inflation is just short of 11 per cent...
     通货膨胀接近 11％。
  4. They were still 91 short of their target.
     他们离目标还差 91。
• PREP-PHRASE 除…之外;没有;如果不
  Short ofa particular thing means except for that thing or without actually doing that thing.
  1. Short of climbing railings four metres high, there was no way into the garden from this road...
     除非爬过 4 米高的栏杆，否则从这条路没办法进到园子里。
  2. They have no means, short of civil war, to enforce their will upon the minorities.
     他们只有通过内战才能将意志强加给少数派。
• ADV 终止;中断;打断
  If something iscut shortorstops short, it is stopped before people expect it to or before it has finished.
  1. His glittering career was cut short by a heart attack...
     他辉煌的事业因心脏病发作而被迫终止。
  2. Jackson cut short his trip to Africa...
     杰克逊提前结束了他的非洲之行。
  3. His voice stopped short as he saw the blade emerge from Desmond's pocket.
     当他看到从德斯蒙德口袋里露出的刀刃时，他突然不吭声了。
• ADJ 简略的;缩写的;简称的
  If a name or abbreviation isshort foranother name, it is the short version of that name.
  1. Her friend Kes (short for Kesewa) was in tears...
     她的朋友凯斯(凯茜娃的简称)眼泪汪汪。
  2. 'O.O.B.E.' is short for 'Out Of Body Experience'.
     O.O.B.E. 是 Out Of Body Experience (身外体验)的缩略形式。
• See also:...an awkward, self-conscious woman with a short temper.short-tempered
• ADJ-GRADED 说话简短粗暴的;简慢无礼的
  If you areshort withsomeone, you speak briefly and rather rudely to them, because you are impatient or angry.
  1. She seemed nervous or tense, and she was definitely short with me.
     她似乎很焦虑，抑或是很紧张，对我明显很不客气。
• (尤指在一时找不到厕所的情况下)内急，突然感觉要上厕所
  If youare caught shortorare taken short, you feel a sudden strong need to urinate, especially when you cannot easily find a toilet.
• PHRASE 作为简称;作为缩写
  If a person or thing is called somethingfor short, that is the short version of their name.
  1. Opposite me was a woman called Jasminder (Jazzy for short)...
     我对面是一位名叫贾丝明德(简称杰丝)的女子。
  2. This condition is called seasonal affective disorder, or SAD for short.
     这种病情叫做季节性情感失调症，或简称 SAD。
• PHRASE 缺乏(尤指食物)
  If yougo short ofsomething, especially food, you do not have as much of it as you want or need.
  1. Some people may manage their finances badly and therefore have to go short of essentials.
     有些人可能极不善于理财，因而不得不缺衣少食地将就过活。
• PHRASE 总之;简而言之
  You usein shortwhen you have been giving a lot of details and you want to give a conclusion or summary.
  1. Try tennis, badminton or windsurfing. In short, anything challenging...
     试试网球、羽毛球或帆板运动吧。总之，只要是有挑战性的。
  2. She was surrounded by doctors, lawyers, housewives — people, in short, like herself.
     她被医生、律师、家庭主妇——总之是一群像她一样的人——所包围着。
• PHRASE 可以说是;简直;无异于
  You usenothing short oforlittle short ofto emphasize how great or extreme something is. For example, if you say that something isnothing short ofa miracle ornothing short ofdisastrous, you are emphasizing that it is a miracle or it is disastrous.
  1. The results are nothing short of magnificent...
     结果非常不错。
  2. His last visit to Washington was little short of a fiasco.
     他最近对华盛顿的访问几乎是一场惨败。
• 冒傻气的;不聪明的;愚蠢的;不理智的
  If you say that someone is, for example,several cards short of a full deckorone sandwich short of a picnic, you think they are stupid, foolish, or crazy.
• PHRASE 缺乏，缺少(某种优良品质)
  If someone or somethingis short ona particular good quality, they do not have as much of it as you think they should have.
  1. He was very short on enthusiasm...
     他太缺乏热情。
  2. The proposals were short on detail.
     这些提议缺少细节。
• PHRASE 险些(做…)；差点没(做…)
  If someonestops short ofdoing something, they come close to doing it but do not actually do it.
  1. He stopped short of explicitly criticizing the government...
     他几乎要直言批评政府了。
  2. The resolution stopped short of an outright declaration of independence.
     这项决议几乎成为公开的独立宣言。
• PHRASE (因雇主付不起全工时工钱而出现的)短工时，开工不足
  If workers are put onshort time, they are asked to work fewer hours than the normal working week, because their employer can not afford to pay them a full time wage.
  1. Workers across the country have been put on short time because of the slump in demand...
     因需求量大幅下降，全国的工人都开工不足。
  2. Most manufacturers have had to introduce short-time working.
     大多数制造商不得不推行短工时工作制。
• PHRASE 使突然终止;使突然中断
  If somethingpullsyouup shortorbringsyouup short, it makes you suddenly stop what you are doing.
  1. The name on the gate pulled me up short.
     大门上的名字让我突然停了下来。
• PHRASE 干净利落地处理(或打败);迅速解决
  If youmake short work ofsomeone or something, you deal with them or defeat them very quickly.
  1. Agassi made short work of his opponent.
     阿加西干净利落地击败了对手。
• short of breath→ see:breath

NOUN USES 名词用法

• N-PLURAL 短裤
  Shortsare trousers with very short legs, that people wear in hot weather or for taking part in sports.
  1. ...two women in bright cotton shorts and tee shirts.
     两名身着色彩艳丽的棉质短裤和T恤衫的女子
• (男式)内裤，衬裤
  Shortsare men's underpants with short legs.
• 少量烈酒(如威士忌、杜松子酒、伏特加等)
  Ashortis a small amount of a strong alcoholic drink such as whisky, gin, or vodka, rather than a weaker alcoholic drink that you can drink in larger quantities.
• (尤指正片放映前的)电影短片
  Ashortis a short film, especially one that is shown before the main film at the cinema.

英英释义

noun

• the fielding position of the player on a baseball team who is stationed between second and third base
  Synonym:shortstop
• the location on a baseball field where the shortstop is stationed
• accidental contact between two points in an electric circuit that have a potential difference
  Synonym:short circuit

verb

• create a short circuit in
  Synonym:short-circuit
• cheat someone by not returning him enough money
  Synonym:short-change

adj

• tending to crumble or break into flakes due to a large amount of shortening
  1. shortbread is a short crumbly cookie
  2. a short flaky pie crust
• (primarily spatial sense) having little length or lacking in length
  1. short skirts
  2. short hair
  3. the board was a foot short
  4. a short toss
• primarily temporal sense
  1. a short life
  2. a short flight
  3. a short holiday
  4. a short story
  5. only a few short months
• of speech sounds or syllables of relatively short duration
  1. the English vowel sounds in `pat', `pet', `pit', `pot', putt' are short
• not holding securities or commodities that one sells in expectation of a fall in prices
  1. a short sale
  2. short in cotton
• lacking foresight or scope
  1. a short view of the problem
  2. shortsighted policies
  3. shortsighted critics derided the plan
  4. myopic thinking
  Synonym:shortsightedunforesightfulmyopic
• (of memory) deficient in retentiveness or range
  1. a short memory
  Synonym:unretentiveforgetful
• not sufficient to meet a need
  1. an inadequate income
  2. a poor salary
  3. money is short
  4. on short rations
  5. food is in short supply
  6. short on experience
  Synonym:inadequatepoor
• less than the correct or legal or full amount often deliberately so
  1. a light pound
  2. a scant cup of sugar
  3. regularly gives short weight
  Synonym:lightscant(p)
• low in stature
  1. he was short and stocky
  2. short in stature
  3. a short smokestack
  4. a little man
  Synonym:little

adv

• quickly and without warning
  1. he stopped suddenly
  Synonym:abruptlysuddenlydead
• in a curt, abrupt and discourteous manner
  1. he told me curtly to get on with it
  2. he talked short with everyone
  3. he said shortly that he didn't like it
  Synonym:curtlyshortly
• at a disadvantage
  1. I was caught short
  Synonym:unawares
• so as to interrupt
  1. She took him up short before he could continue
• at some point or distance before a goal is reached
  1. he fell short of our expectations
• clean across
  1. the car's axle snapped short
• without possessing something at the time it is contractually sold
  1. he made his fortune by selling short just before the crash

双语例句

• Mr Annan took a short break before resuming his schedule
  安南先生在继续自己的工作前先短暂休息了一下。
• Agassi made short work of his opponent.
  阿加西干净利落地击败了对手。
• She seemed nervous or tense, and she was definitely short with me.
  她似乎很焦虑，抑或是很紧张，对我明显很不客气。
• The results are nothing short of magnificent
  结果非常不错。
• They were performing a short extract from Shakespeare's Two Gentlemen of Verona
  他们正表演莎士比亚剧作《维洛那二绅士》中的一个片段。
• Some people may manage their finances badly and therefore have to go short of essentials.
  有些人可能极不善于理财，因而不得不缺衣少食地将就过活。
• His black hair was very short.
  他的黑发很短。
• The name on the gate pulled me up short.
  大门上的名字让我突然停了下来。
• This is a short note to say thank you.
  这是一封简短的致谢信。
• He stopped a hundred yards short of the building
  他在离大楼100码处停下了。